The 32-year-old ex-Cardiff Blues and Wasps front row man led the Dragons many times last season, but has been given the job full time for the 2015/16 campaign.
“Rhys has made a real impression with everybody here at the Dragons. Being a tough, mature and consistent performer has made him an excellent choice as a role model and as our skipper,” said director of rugby, Lyn Jones.
Thomas made the last of his 27 appearances for Wales against South Africa in Pretoria in 2008, but was one of the most consistent performers in the Guinness PRO12 last season. He also helped the Dragons to reach the semi-finals of the European Rugby Challenge Cup.
“I’m truly honoured to have been selected as captain for the coming season. I thoroughly enjoyed leading the team last year, with the challenge being to guide young Gwent talent to the next level,” said Thomas.
“There has been a massive change in the squad attitude and the standard at the Dragons since I arrived in 2013 and I am excited about our prospects for next season.”